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a b c d Linnaeus, C. (1758). " Felis tigris". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol.Tomus I (decima, reformataed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p.41. Results of a phylogeographic study indicate that all living tigers had a common ancestor 108,000 to 72,000 years ago. [25] The potential tiger range during the late Pleistocene and Holocene was predicted applying ecological niche modelling based on more than 500 tiger locality records combined with bioclimatic data. The resulting model shows a contiguous tiger range at the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating gene flow between tiger populations in mainland Asia. The Caspian tiger population was likely connected to the Bengal tiger population through corridors below elevations of 4,000m (13,000ft) in the Hindu Kush. The tiger populations on the Sunda Islands and mainland Asia were possibly separated during interglacial periods. [44] Burke, Jason (20 January 2015). "India's tiger population increases by almost a third". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 May 2015. Adult tigers lead largely solitary lives. They establish and maintain territories but have much wider home ranges within which they roam. Resident adults of either sex generally confine their movements to their home ranges, within which they satisfy their needs and those of their growing cubs. Individuals sharing the same area are aware of each other's movements and activities. [90] The size of the home range mainly depends on prey abundance, geographic area and sex of the individual. [51] [23] In India, home ranges appear to be 50 to 1,000km 2 (19 to 386sqmi) while in Manchuria, they range from 500 to 4,000km 2 (190 to 1,540sqmi). In Nepal, defended territories are recorded to be 19 to 151km 2 (7.3 to 58.3sqmi) for males and 10 to 51km 2 (3.9 to 19.7sqmi) for females. [87] A tiger on an average needs 50 to 60 spotted deer size deer in a year. So in a year there are 52 weeks so it means the tiger eats once in a week. But this ratio might change if the tigress is with cubs who have started feeding on the meat. A tigress raring her cubs might have to hunt 2 times in 10 days.

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Despite this, there are records of adult tigers climbing trees to catch leopards and monkeys. 4. Tigers Love Water Tigers don’t have a particular breeding season, they mate when the tigress is in estrous and ready to mate. The tigress will spray mark the trees with her urine and the territorial male coming across will get the smell and by doing flehmen the male tiger will come to know that the tigress is on heat and ready to mate. India reports sharp decline in wild tigers". National Geographic. 2008. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008 . Retrieved 10 June 2010.

Goldsmith, O. (2010). A History of the Earth, And Animated Nature, Volume 2. Nabu Press. p.297. ISBN 978-1-145-11108-0. Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311...73J. doi: 10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. S2CID 41672825.Tiger's historical range in about 1850 (pale yellow), excluding that of the Caspian tiger, and in 2006 (in green). [3] Tilson, R.; Defu, H.; Muntifering, J.; Nyhus, P. J. (2004). "Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis: field survey of priority tiger reserves". Oryx. 38 (1): 40–47. doi: 10.1017/S0030605304000079. Matthews, P. (1993). The Guinness book of records 1994. Reading: Guinness Publishing. p.28. ISBN 978-0-85112-512-1. Jigme, K. & Tharchen, L. (2012). "Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan". Cat News (56): 14–15. Adhikarimayum, A. S. & Gopi, G. V. (2018). "First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (13): 12833–12836. doi: 10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836.

Facial expressions include the "defense threat", where an individual bares its teeth, flattens its ears and its pupils enlarge. Both males and females show a flehmen response, a characteristic grimace, when sniffing urine markings, but flehmen is more often associated with males detecting the markings made by tigresses in oestrus. [23] Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O’Brien, S. J. & Luo, S.-J. (2018). "Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers". Current Biology. 28 (23): 3840–3849. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019. PMID 30482605.

Harper, D. (2001–2011). "Panther". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper . Retrieved 24 October 2011. Tilson, R. (1999). Sumatran Tiger Project Report No. 17 & 18: July − December 1999. Grant number 1998-0093-059. Indonesian Sumatran Tiger Steering Committee, Jakarta.

Qi, J.; Gu, J.; Ning, Y.; Miquelle, D. G.; Holyoak, M.; Wen, D.; Liang, X.; Liu, S.; Roberts, N.; Yang, E.; Lang, J.; Wang, F.; Li, C.; Liang, Z.; Liu, P.; Ren, Y.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, M.; Ma, J.; Chang, J. & Jiang, G. (2021). "Integrated assessments call for establishing a sustainable meta-population of Amur tigers in Northeast Asia". Biological Conservation. 261 (12): 109250. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109250.Montgomery, Sy (2009). Spell of the Tiger: The Man-Eaters of Sundarbans. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-0-395-64169-9.