Bombing Colours: British Bomber Camouflage and Markings 1914-1937

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In the spring of 1948, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) was established in accordance with a presidential directive from Truman to the National Academy of Sciences– National Research Council to conduct investigations of the late effects of radiation among the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. [272] In 1956, the ABCC published The Effect of Exposure to the Atomic Bombs on Pregnancy Termination in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. [273] The ABCC became the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) on 1 April 1975. A binational organization run by both the United States and Japan, the RERF is still in operation today. [274] Cancer increases

Nathan, Richard (6 August 2021). "Literary Fallout: The legacies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". Red Circle Authors. Archived from the original on 6 August 2021. Rezelman, David; F.G. Gosling; Terrence R. Fehner (2000). "The atomic bombing of Nagasaki". The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History. U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007 . Retrieved 18 September 2007.Events on the ground The Nagasaki Prefecture Report on the bombing characterized Nagasaki as "like a graveyard with not a tombstone standing". [213] While during the preimplantation period, that is one to ten days following conception, intrauterine radiation exposure of "at least 0.2 Gy" can cause complications of implantation and death of the human embryo. [280] The number of miscarriages caused by the radiation from the bombings, during this radiosensitive period, is not known. a b c "Timeline #3- the 509th; The Nagasaki Mission". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012 . Retrieved 5 May 2007. The Tokyo control operator of the Japan Broadcasting Corporation noticed that the Hiroshima station had gone off the air. He tried to re-establish his program by using another telephone line, but it too had failed. [172] About 20 minutes later the Tokyo railroad telegraph center realized that the main line telegraph had stopped working just north of Hiroshima. From some small railway stops within 16km (10mi) of the city came unofficial and confused reports of a terrible explosion in Hiroshima. All these reports were transmitted to the headquarters of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff. [173] Long, Tony (9 March 2011). "March 9, 1945: Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy". Wired . Retrieved 8 August 2011.

Extant sources show that while Stimson was personally familiar with Kyoto, this was the result of a visit decades after his marriage, not because he honeymooned there. [75] [76] On 30 May, Stimson asked Groves to remove Kyoto from the target list due to its historical, religious and cultural significance, but Groves pointed to its military and industrial significance. [77] Stimson then approached President Harry S. Truman about the matter. Truman agreed with Stimson, and Kyoto was temporarily removed from the target list. [78] Groves attempted to restore Kyoto to the target list in July, but Stimson remained adamant. [79] [80] On 25 July, Nagasaki was put on the target list in place of Kyoto. It was a major military port, one of Japan's largest shipbuilding and repair centers, and an important producer of naval ordnance. [80] Proposed demonstration While the United States had developed plans for an air campaign against Japan prior to the Pacific War, the capture of Allied bases in the western Pacific in the first weeks of the conflict meant that this offensive did not begin until mid-1944 when the long-ranged Boeing B-29 Superfortress became ready for use in combat. [22] Operation Matterhorn involved India-based B-29s staging through bases around Chengdu in China to make a series of raids on strategic targets in Japan. [23] This effort failed to achieve the strategic objectives that its planners had intended, largely because of logistical problems, the bomber's mechanical difficulties, the vulnerability of Chinese staging bases, and the extreme range required to reach key Japanese cities. [24] Timeline #2 – the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission". The Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013 . Retrieved 4 May 2007. Putnam, Frank W. (12 May 1998). "The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Retrospect". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Sciences. 95 (10): 5426–5431. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.5426P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.10.5426. PMC 33857. PMID 9576898.

Purple, pink or red bomb from Maria Nila

Skyl håret grundigt - lad enten dit hår lufttørre eller brug en føntørrer, hvis du ikke kan vente med at se det fine resultat farvebomben giver håret. Two Dutch POWs join Nagasaki bomb victim list". Japan Times. 5 August 2005. Archived from the original on 20 December 2005 . Retrieved 9 January 2009. In his declaration's fifth paragraph, Hirohito solely mentions the duration of the conflict; and did not explicitly mention the Soviets as a factor for surrender:

Sheryl P. Walter Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 20 Mar 2014 Sheryl P. Walter Declassified/Released US Department of State EO Systematic Review 20 Mar 2014". National Archives and Records Administration . Retrieved 5 December 2016.Peace Memorial City, Hiroshima". Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008 . Retrieved 14 August 2007. Nuclear fallout medical effects. Mettler" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 10 April 2018. Due to crosswind, the bomb missed the aiming point, the Aioi Bridge, by approximately 240m (800ft) and detonated directly over Shima Surgical Clinic. [140] It released the equivalent energy of 16±2 kilotons of TNT (66.9±8.4TJ). [137] The weapon was considered very inefficient, with only 1.7 percent of its material fissioning. [141] The radius of total destruction was about 1.6 kilometers (1mi), with resulting fires across 11km 2 (4.4sqmi). [142]